DISEASES OF THE URINARY AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
1. Diseases of the Kidneys
2. Dysuria Haematuria
3. Enlargement of the Prostate Gland
4. Syphilis
5. Chancre
6. Gonorrhea
7. Gynecological Disorders
8. Amenorrhea and Dysmenorrhea
9. Menorrhagia and Metrorrhagia
10. Leucorrhoea
11. Childbirth Fever
12.Sterility
13. Impotence
14. Frigidity
The Kidneys are a pair of excretory organs, situated on either side of the vertebral column, in the upper posterior part of the abdomen. They are grouped under the most important parts of the body, and any malfunctioning in them can lead to serious disorders and, sometimes, death. Renal failure, which is the incapacity of the kidneys to perform their function, is one of the most serious ailments to which humans are susceptible.
The chief function of the kidneys is to filter the blood and to remove its impurities which are excreted through the urine. '
I blood passes through the glomeruli, a bunch of small capillaries with capsules, which filter the non-protein portion of the plasma. The efficiency of and the burden on the kidneys can be judged from the fact that in humans, they filter between 150 to 200 liters of plasma in 24 hours. The usable portion of the blood is returned to the heart through the renal vein. The waste matter is ejected through the urinary bladder.
Substances like amino-acids, glucose, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and chlorine are reabsorbed into the system and urea, uric acid, and phosphates are excreted.
Diseases of the Kidneys
When the kidneys are diseased, their functioning is impaired, and Impurities which should have been excreted continue to remain in the system, poisoning it. The general term used to describe the accumulation of poisons is uremia. The following are the symptoms common to the various types of kidney diseases
1. Pain:
Inflammation of the kidney and formation of calculi or stones in the kidneys produce pain in the renal region. The pain of inflammation is situated high up in the loins, but the pain in the back, generally referred to as renal colic, is usually a symptom of formation of stones in the kidney and UTI (urinary tract infection). It is of a very agonizing nature and leaves the sufferer prostrate even after it has passed.
2.Urine:
The urine almost invariably shows the changes in kidney diseases. The quantity diminishes in acute conditions and may even contain blood. If there are traces of pus in the urine, it might indicate suppuration of the diseased kidneys. In the case of stones, urine examination would show the presence of deposits of the substances of which the stones are made. In Bight’s disease, a chronic kidney condition, there is excess of albumin found in the urine.
3. Dropsy:
Another cardinal symptom of kidney malfunctioning is the presence of dropsy, which is an abnormal collection of fluid under the skin, particularly around the eyes, especially in the morning.
4.Changes in Circulation of Blood :
Changes in circulation of blood take place in chronic kidney diseases like. Pyelonephritis which leave an abnormal amount of uric acid in the blood, giving rise to high blood pressure. There is also thickening of the arteries as in Bight’s disease, leading to pain in the chest, loss of mental power, breathlessness, impairment of vision, and even apoplexy.
5.Uremia:
Uremia is a condition in which there is a general poisoning of the system due to the failure of the kidneys to expel the waste matter, that is, urea.
6.Dysuria (Mutrakrichha)
Dysuria is a condition in which urine is expelled painfully and in small amounts every time.
COMMON DISEASES – LIST OF ARTICLES
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